No. 2. Silk winder. Forked bamboo rod spread for holding wound silk filament.

China. No. 3. Spindle with whorl. Shaft of hard wood ; whorl of bone ; for winding

coarse cedar bark. British Columbia 20,640

No. 4, Central American spindle. Shaft of palm wood ; whorl a hard seed.

For spinning cotton yarn : 7,490

No. 5. Peruvian spindle, for fine staple. The thread is looped over the top of

the shaft when the spinner walks along 7.942, 17,510

No. 6. Tibetan spindle. Shaft a twig of cherry, with hook atop ; whorl a yak

bone. The hook on the spindle shaft enables the spinner to walk

about 167,248

No. 7. Tibetan spindle. Shaft a twig with notch and groove on the top ; whorl

of clay at the bottom of the shaft. The spinner walks about— 167,247 No. 8. Primitive spinning wheel. Spindle whorls of various materials and

forms 155,598, 195,572, 100,642

No. 9. Shaft set in bearings; whorl enlarged for flywheel. The beginning of

machine spindles. Finland 10

No. 10. Bobbin winder in which the spindle is driven by a primitive flywheel.

China 7,694

No. 11. Model of large spinning wheel for cotton and wool. Simplest form,

without speed pulley. No. 12. Spindle of small or Saxon spinning wheel, with different sized pulleys

to regulate speed. The Saxon wheel works with treadle. No. 13. Spindle used most generally in cotton-spinning machines in the United